Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone produced primarily in the liver, and its levels are influenced by growth hormone. In dogs, as in other mammals, IGF-1 is involved in regulating growth, cell development, and metabolism. It promotes cellular proliferation and has a significant role in tissue repair and regeneration. Research has suggested that elevated levels of IGF-1 may be associated with increased risks of certain age-related diseases, such as cancer, which can impact a dog’s longevity and overall health. In the context of canine longevity, understanding IGF-1 is crucial. Studies have indicated that manipulating IGF-1 levels might influence aging processes, leading to potential interventions through dietary adjustments or pharmacological approaches. For instance, caloric restriction has been shown to lower IGF-1 levels in various species, including dogs, which may help enhance lifespan and healthspan. As the field of geroscience continues to evolve, insights into IGF-1 could pave the way for innovative strategies aimed at extending the healthy years of our beloved canine companions.